78. Subsets #
题目 #
Given a set of distinct integers, nums, return all possible subsets (the power set).
Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate subsets.
Example:
Input: nums = [1,2,3]
Output:
[
[3],
[1],
[2],
[1,2,3],
[1,3],
[2,3],
[1,2],
[]
]
题目大意 #
给定一组不含重复元素的整数数组 nums,返回该数组所有可能的子集(幂集)。说明:解集不能包含重复的子集。
解题思路 #
- 找出一个集合中的所有子集,空集也算是子集。且数组中的数字不会出现重复。用 DFS 暴力枚举即可。
- 这一题和第 90 题,第 491 题类似,可以一起解答和复习。
代码 #
package leetcode
import "sort"
// 解法一
func subsets(nums []int) [][]int {
c, res := []int{}, [][]int{}
for k := 0; k <= len(nums); k++ {
generateSubsets(nums, k, 0, c, &res)
}
return res
}
func generateSubsets(nums []int, k, start int, c []int, res *[][]int) {
if len(c) == k {
b := make([]int, len(c))
copy(b, c)
*res = append(*res, b)
return
}
// i will at most be n - (k - c.size()) + 1
for i := start; i < len(nums)-(k-len(c))+1; i++ {
c = append(c, nums[i])
generateSubsets(nums, k, i+1, c, res)
c = c[:len(c)-1]
}
return
}
// 解法二
func subsets1(nums []int) [][]int {
res := make([][]int, 1)
sort.Ints(nums)
for i := range nums {
for _, org := range res {
clone := make([]int, len(org), len(org)+1)
copy(clone, org)
clone = append(clone, nums[i])
res = append(res, clone)
}
}
return res
}
// 解法三:位运算的方法
func subsets2(nums []int) [][]int {
if len(nums) == 0 {
return nil
}
res := [][]int{}
sum := 1 << uint(len(nums))
for i := 0; i < sum; i++ {
stack := []int{}
tmp := i // i 从 000...000 到 111...111
for j := len(nums) - 1; j >= 0; j-- { // 遍历 i 的每一位
if tmp & 1 == 1 {
stack = append([]int{nums[j]}, stack...)
}
tmp >>= 1
}
res = append(res, stack)
}
return res
}