0622. Design Circular Queue

622. Design Circular Queue #

题目 #

Design your implementation of the circular queue. The circular queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called “Ring Buffer”.

One of the benefits of the circular queue is that we can make use of the spaces in front of the queue. In a normal queue, once the queue becomes full, we cannot insert the next element even if there is a space in front of the queue. But using the circular queue, we can use the space to store new values.

Implementation the MyCircularQueue class:

  • MyCircularQueue(k) Initializes the object with the size of the queue to be k.
  • int Front() Gets the front item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return 1.
  • int Rear() Gets the last item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return 1.
  • boolean enQueue(int value) Inserts an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
  • boolean deQueue() Deletes an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.
  • boolean isEmpty() Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not.
  • boolean isFull() Checks whether the circular queue is full or not.

Example 1:

Input
["MyCircularQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "Rear", "isFull", "deQueue", "enQueue", "Rear"]
[[3], [1], [2], [3], [4], [], [], [], [4], []]
Output
[null, true, true, true, false, 3, true, true, true, 4]

Explanation
MyCircularQueue myCircularQueue = new MyCircularQueue(3);
myCircularQueue.enQueue(1); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(2); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(3); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return False
myCircularQueue.Rear();     // return 3
myCircularQueue.isFull();   // return True
myCircularQueue.deQueue();  // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return True
myCircularQueue.Rear();     // return 4

Constraints:

  • 1 <= k <= 1000
  • 0 <= value <= 1000
  • At most 3000 calls will be made to enQueuedeQueueFrontRearisEmpty, and isFull.

Follow up:

Could you solve the problem without using the built-in queue?

题目大意 #

设计你的循环队列实现。 循环队列是一种线性数据结构,其操作表现基于 FIFO(先进先出)原则并且队尾被连接在队首之后以形成一个循环。它也被称为“环形缓冲器”。

循环队列的一个好处是我们可以利用这个队列之前用过的空间。在一个普通队列里,一旦一个队列满了,我们就不能插入下一个元素,即使在队列前面仍有空间。但是使用循环队列,我们能使用这些空间去存储新的值。

你的实现应该支持如下操作:

  • MyCircularQueue(k): 构造器,设置队列长度为 k 。
  • Front: 从队首获取元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
  • Rear: 获取队尾元素。如果队列为空,返回 -1 。
  • enQueue(value): 向循环队列插入一个元素。如果成功插入则返回真。
  • deQueue(): 从循环队列中删除一个元素。如果成功删除则返回真。
  • isEmpty(): 检查循环队列是否为空。
  • isFull(): 检查循环队列是否已满。

解题思路 #

  • 简单题。设计一个环形队列,底层用数组实现。额外维护 4 个变量,队列的总 cap,队列当前的 size,前一元素下标 left,后一个元素下标 right。每添加一个元素便维护 left,right,size,下标需要对 cap 取余,因为超过 cap 大小之后,需要循环存储。代码实现没有难度,具体sh见下面代码。

代码 #

package leetcode

type MyCircularQueue struct {
	cap   int
	size  int
	queue []int
	left  int
	right int
}

func Constructor(k int) MyCircularQueue {
	return MyCircularQueue{cap: k, size: 0, left: 0, right: 0, queue: make([]int, k)}
}

func (this *MyCircularQueue) EnQueue(value int) bool {
	if this.size == this.cap {
		return false
	}
	this.size++
	this.queue[this.right] = value
	this.right++
	this.right %= this.cap
	return true

}

func (this *MyCircularQueue) DeQueue() bool {
	if this.size == 0 {
		return false
	}
	this.size--
	this.left++
	this.left %= this.cap
	return true
}

func (this *MyCircularQueue) Front() int {
	if this.size == 0 {
		return -1
	}
	return this.queue[this.left]
}

func (this *MyCircularQueue) Rear() int {
	if this.size == 0 {
		return -1
	}
	if this.right == 0 {
		return this.queue[this.cap-1]
	}
	return this.queue[this.right-1]
}

func (this *MyCircularQueue) IsEmpty() bool {
	return this.size == 0
}

func (this *MyCircularQueue) IsFull() bool {
	return this.size == this.cap
}

/**
 * Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * obj := Constructor(k);
 * param_1 := obj.EnQueue(value);
 * param_2 := obj.DeQueue();
 * param_3 := obj.Front();
 * param_4 := obj.Rear();
 * param_5 := obj.IsEmpty();
 * param_6 := obj.IsFull();
 */

⬅️上一页

下一页➡️

Calendar Apr 8, 2023
Edit Edit this page
本站总访问量:  次 您是本站第  位访问者